Article 18-22

1.

An individual who is a resident of a Contracting State at the beginning of his visit to the other Contracting State and who is temporarily present in that other State for the primary purpose of:

a)

studying at a university or other accredited educational institution in that other State, or

b)

securing training required to qualify him to practice a profession or professional specialty, or

c)

studying or doing research as a recipient of a grant, allowance, or other similar payments from a governmental, religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational organization, shall be exempt from tax by that other State with respect to payments from abroad for the purpose of his maintenance, education, study, research, or training, and with respect to the grant, allowance, or other similar payments.

2.

The exemption in paragraph 1 shall apply only for such period of time as is ordinarily necessary to complete the study, training or research, except that no exemption for training or research shall extend for a period exceeding five years.

3.

This Article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken not in the public interest but primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.

1.

Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.

2.

The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income if the beneficial owner of the income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on or has carried on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs or has performed in that other State personal services in an independent capacity from a fixed base situated therein, and the income is attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 6 (Business Profits) or Article 13 (Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.

3.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of real property (as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 9 (Income from Real Property)) situated in the other Contracting State, or of shares or other rights participating in profits in a company whose assets consist not less than 50 percent of real property situated in that other Contracting State, may be taxed in accordance with the domestic law of that other State.

1.

A person that is a resident of a Contracting State and derives income from the other Contracting State shall be entitled under this Convention to relief from taxation in that other State only if such person

a)

an individual;

b)

engaged in the active conduct of business in the first-mentioned State (other than the business of making or managing investments, unless these activities are banking or insurance activities carried on by a bank or insurance company), and the income derived from that other State is derived in connection with, or is incidental to, that business;

c)

a company the shares of which are traded in the first-mentioned State on a substantial and regular basis on an officially recognized securities exchange or a company which is wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by another company that is a resident of the first-mentioned State and the shares of which are so traded;

d)

a not-for-profit organization that is generally exempt from income taxation in its Contracting State of residence, provided that more than half of the beneficiaries, members or participants, if any, in such organization are entitled, under this Article, to the benefits of this Convention; or

e)

a person that satisfies both of the following conditions:

i)

more then 50 percent of the beneficial interest in such person, or in the case of a company, more than 50 percent of the number of shares of each class of the company's shares, is owned directly or indirectly by persons entitled to the benefits of this Convention under subparagraphs a), c) or d), and

ii)

not more than 50 percent of the gross income of such person is used, directly or indirectly, to meet liabilities (including liabilities for interest or royalties) to persons not entitled to the benefits of this Convention under subparagraphs a), c) or d).

2.

A person that is not entitled to the benefits of the Convention pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 may, nevertheless, be granted the benefits of the Convention if the competent authority of the State in which the income arises so determines.

3.

For purposes of subparagraph (e)(ii) of paragraph 1, the term ``gross income'' means gross receipts, or where a person is engaged in a business which includes the manufacture or production of goods, gross receipts reduced by the direct costs of labor and materials attributable to such manufacture or production and paid or payable out of such receipts.

1.

Capital represented by real property referred to in Article 9 (Income from Real Property) owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State may he taxed in that other State.

2.

Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which a resident of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State, or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other State.

3.

Capital represented by ships, aircraft, and containers owned by a resident of a Contracting State and operated in international traffic, and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships, aircraft, and containers shall be taxable only in that State.

4.

All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.

In accordance with the provisions and subject to the limitations of the law of each Contracting State (as it may be amended from time to time without changing the general principle hereof), each State shall allow to its residents (and, in the case of the United States, its citizens), as a credit against the tax on income, the income tax paid to the other Contracting State by such residents (and, in the case of the United States, also such citizens).

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